CAMPAKA (Flower)
Campaka consists of dried buds and flowers, including calyx, of Michelia champaca Linn. (Fam. Magnoliacem), a tall, ever green tree, usually upto 30 m in height and 3.5 m in girth with a straight trunk, found in eastern Himalayas, North-East India and Western Ghats; it is planted throughout India in gardens and near temples.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Campeya, Hamapuspa
Assamese : —
Bengali : Champaka, Champa
English : Golden Champa
Gujrati : Raichampo, Pilo Champo
Hindi : Champa
Kannada : Sampige
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Campakappuv
Marathi : Sonachanpha
Oriya : —
Punjabi : Champa
Tamil : Sampagi
Telugu : Chattu Sampangi
Urdu : Champa
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug consists of broken pieces of pedicel, sepal, petal, anthers, gynophore (torus), flowers solitary, fragrant, crumbled, blackish-brown in colour; sepal brown, linear, acute; petal dark brown, oblong; stamens numerous; anther linear, adnate, introrse; gynophore, 2.5-4 cm long; curved style with beak-shaped simple stigma.
b) Microscopic
Pedicel -Shows ridges and furrows in outline with a single layered epidermis having a few unicellular hairs; cortex composed of a wide zone of collapsed, thin-walled, parenchymatous cells having a few oil globules; collateral vascular bundle and secretory cells are present; pith consisting of thin-walled, oval to polygonal, parenchymatous cells; irregular, elongated, lignified stone cells isolated or in groups, having narrow lumen and pits, found in cortex and pith.
Sepal – Single layered epidermis, slightly sinuous in surface view, present on both surfaces, a few unicellular hairs are in outer surface; ground tissue composed of thinwalled, oval to polygonal, parenchymatous cells having a few prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; a few vascular bundles present in ground tissue.
Petal -Epidermis single layered of rectangular cells, slightly sinuous in surface view, present on both surfaces; a few fibro-vascular bundles present in ground tissue along with a few cluster crystals of calcium oxalate.
Powder – Dark-brown; shows fragments of parenchymatous cells, broken unicellular hairs, vessels with spiral thickening, a few prismatic and cluster crystals of calcium oxalate; a few irregular shaped, elongated, lignified, stone cells with narrow lumen in singles or groups; fairly large circular to spherical, brown coloured, numerous smooth pollen grains measuring 67-82 n in dia. having clear exine and intine and a few oil globules.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 11 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 9 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 12 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9:1) shows under UV (366 nm) one fluorescent spot at Rf. 0.92 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour nine spots appear at Rf. 0.20, 0.25, 0.35, 0.40, 0.51, 0.57, 0.77, 0.88 and 0.92 (all yellow). On spraying with Vanillin-Sulphuric acid reagent and on heating the plate for ten minutes at 105°C seven spots appear at Rf. 0.20, 0.25, 0.40, 0.51, 0.57, 0.77 and 0.92 (light violet).
CONSTITUENTS – Volatile Oil
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa
Virya : Sita
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Hrdya, Pittajit, Kaphapittasra Nasaka, Visaghna
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Candanabalalaksadi Taila, Baladhatryadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Vrana, Krmi, Mutrakrchra, Vatarakta, Kustha, Kandu
DOSE – Puspa Curna 1-3 gm
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